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 In
sympathy with the Hungarians, on October 6, 1848, a new uprising occurred
in Vienna. Three days were needed to repress it brutally; by October 31,
1848, Windischgrätz had completely suppressed the revolt. The Reichstag
began to work on another representative but less liberal constitution, and
soon after the emperor abdicated (December 2, 1848) in favor of his
reactionary son Franz Joseph (1830-1916). The Reichstag was moved to
Moravia and then dismissed. Almost a year after the first Vienna uprising,
the final constitution appeared (March 4, 1849), allowing national
equality, a limited form of representation, the abolition of feudalism and
serfdom, and a reformed judiciary. Neither so liberal nor so democratic as
the Pillersdorf document, it was received with docility, a meekness
reinforced by the invitation (May 1849) of Russian troops to
"protect" the Austrian Empire.
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