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Cecil John Rhodes (1853-1902), British prime minister of the Cape Colony,
plotted with Sir Leander Starr Jameson (1853-1917), British colonial
administrator of Mashonaland, to overthrow the Boer government of the Transvaal
under President S. J. Paul Kruger (1825-1904). Rhodes, who controlled extensive
diamond mines, envisioned a federation of all South Africa under the British
flag. On December 29, 1895, Jameson, disregarding Rhodes' request to delay any
action, invaded the Transvaal with some 600 mounted men but suffered defeat at
Krugersdorp on January 1, 1896, and surrendered the next day. The Boers handed
him over to the British, at their request; Jameson was tried and convicted in
London and served only several months in prison. Others in the raiding party
were eventually released by the Boers in exchange for a large payment.
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