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The governor-general of the Dutch East Indies, Herman Willem Daendels
(1762-1818), fortified the island of Java (part of Indonesia) against possible
British attack. In 1810 a strong British East India Company expedition under
Gilbert Elliot, first earl of Minto (1751-1814), governor-general of India,
conquered the French islands of Burbon (Reunion) and Mauritius in the Indian
Ocean and the Dutch East Indian possessions of Amboina (Ambon) and the Molucca
Islands. Afterward it moved againsts Java, captured the port city of Batavia
(Djakarta) in August 1811, and forced the Dutch to surrender at Semarang on
September 17, 1811. Java, Palembang (in Sumatra), Macassar (Makasar, Celebes),
and Timor were ceded to the British. Appointed lieutenant governor of Java, Sir
Thomas Stamford Raffles (1781-1826) ended oppressive Dutch administrative
methods, liberalized the system of land tenure, and extended trade. In 1816, the
British returned Java and other East Indian possessions to the Dutch as part of
the accord ending the Napoleonic Wars.
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