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Dr. Marcus Whitman (1802-47) established a mission,
Waiilatpu, near
present-day Walla Walla, Washington, in 1836. Blaming the white missionaries for
an outbreak of measles that killed many member of their tribe, the unfriendly
Cayuse Indians, whose sick members Whitman tried unsuccessfully to treat,
attacked the mission on November 29, 1847, massacring Whitman, his wife, and 12
others and kidnapping 53 women and children (whom they held captive until
ransomed). The Cayuse reportedly fulfilled an Indian custom that permits the
survivors of deceased relatives to take revenge on a medicine man. Settlers in
this part of the Oregon Territory declared war on the Cayuse.
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