First Turko-Montenegrin War 1852-1853

Montenegro was a small Balkan tributary state that the Ottoman Turks were never able to subdue completely. Resistance to Turkish suzerainty culminated in a movement toward independence which began when prince-bishop of Montenegro, Danilo II, separated the offices of prince and bishop in 1851 and made the throne hereditary. These actions exceeded his authority since he was a vassal of the Porte (the Ottoman government). The Ottoman Empire sent troops to Montenegro in 1852. The Montenegrins defeated the Turks and forced the Ottoman army to retreat after several victories. The war attracted Austrian attention; the Austro-Hungarian Empire moved troops to the border of Bosnia and Herzegovina and ordered the Turkish commander, Omar Pasha, to withdraw from Montenegro. Russian pressure for a withdrawal was added and the Ottoman Empire did withdraw its army in 1853. No formal treaty was concluded.

References

Kohn, 503.

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