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The Second Balkan War began when Serbia, Greece, and Romania quarreled with Bulgaria over the division of their joint conquests in Macedonia. On June 1, 1913, Serbia and Greece formed an alliance against Bulgaria, and the war began on the night of June 29/30, 1913, when King Ferdinand of Bulgaria ordered his troops to attack Serbian and Greek forces in Macedonia. The Bulgarians were defeated, however, and a peace treaty was signed between the combatants on Aug. 10, 1913. Under the terms of the treaty, Greece and Serbia divided up most of Macedonia between themselves, leaving Bulgaria with only a small part of the region.
As a result of the Balkan Wars, Greece gained southern Macedonia as well as the island of Crete. Serbia gained the Kosovo region and extended into northern and central Macedonia. Albania was made an independent state under a German prince. The political consequences of the wars were considerable. Bulgaria, frustrated in Macedonia, looked to Austria for support, while Serbia, which had been forced by Austria to give up its Albanian conquests, regarded Vienna with greater hostility than ever.
<table class='table table-bordered col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-xs-12 margin20 row-30' border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><tbody><tr><td width="16%"><font face="Arial" size="2">State</font></td><td width="16%"><font face="Arial" size="2">Entry</font></td><td width="17%"><font face="Arial" size="2">Exit</font></td><td width="17%"><font face="Arial" size="2">Combat Forces</font></td><td width="17%"><font face="Arial" size="2">Population</font></td><td width="17%"><font face="Arial" size="2">Losses</font></td></tr><tr><td width="16%"><font face="Arial" size="2">Bulgaria</font></td><td width="16%"><font face="Arial" size="2">1913</font></td><td width="17%"><font face="Arial" size="2">1913</font></td><td width="17%"><font face="Arial" size="2">60000</font></td><td width="17%"><font face="Arial" size="2">4100000</font></td><td width="17%"><font face="Arial" size="2">18000</font></td></tr><tr><td width="16%"><font face="Arial" size="2">Greece</font></td><td width="16%"><font face="Arial" size="2">1913</font></td><td width="17%"><font face="Arial" size="2">1913</font></td><td width="17%"><font face="Arial" size="2">100000</font></td><td width="17%"><font face="Arial" size="2">4800000</font></td><td width="17%"><font face="Arial" size="2">12500</font></td></tr><tr><td width="16%"><font face="Arial" size="2">Montenegro</font></td><td width="16%"><font face="Arial" size="2">1913</font></td><td width="17%"><font face="Arial" size="2">1913</font></td><td width="17%"><font face="Arial" size="2">40000</font></td><td width="17%"><font face="Arial" size="2">700000</font></td><td width="17%"><font face="Arial" size="2">2000</font></td></tr><tr><td width="16%"><font face="Arial" size="2">Romania</font></td><td width="16%"><font face="Arial" size="2">1913</font></td><td width="17%"><font face="Arial" size="2">1913</font></td><td width="17%"><font face="Arial" size="2">200000</font></td><td width="17%"><font face="Arial" size="2">12000000</font></td><td width="17%"><font face="Arial" size="2">1500</font></td></tr><tr><td width="16%"><font face="Arial" size="2">Serbia</font></td><td width="16%"><font face="Arial" size="2">1913</font></td><td width="17%"><font face="Arial" size="2">1913</font></td><td width="17%"><font face="Arial" size="2">80000</font></td><td width="17%"><font face="Arial" size="2">8000000</font></td><td width="17%"><font face="Arial" size="2">18500</font></td></tr><tr><td width="16%"><font face="Arial" size="2">Turkey</font></td><td width="16%"><font face="Arial" size="2">1913</font></td><td width="17%"><font face="Arial" size="2">1913</font></td><td width="17%"><font face="Arial" size="2">450000</font></td><td width="17%"><font face="Arial" size="2">29000000</font></td><td width="17%"><font face="Arial" size="2">20000</font></td></tr></tbody></table>